Introduction to IgAN
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also called Berger’s disease, is a disease that affects the kidneys. The kidneys have an important job of cleaning waste and extra fluids from the blood. In people with IgAN, a protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) builds up in the kidneys. This causes swelling and damage, making it harder for the kidneys to work properly. Over time, IgAN can lead to serious kidney problems if not managed carefully.
Causes and Risk Factors
Doctors don’t know the exact cause of IgAN, but they believe it happens when the immune system doesn’t work as it should. Instead of helping protect the body, IgA proteins get stuck in the kidneys, leading to inflammation and scarring. Some people may have a higher risk of developing IgAN because of:
- Genetics: If family members have kidney disease, the risk may be higher.
- Infections: Some infections, like those affecting the throat or intestines, might trigger IgAN.
- Immune system problems: Conditions that affect the immune system can play a role.
Diagnosing IgAN
IgAN develops slowly, and many people don’t notice symptoms at first. However, as the disease gets worse, symptoms may include:
- Blood in the urine (it may look pink or brown)
- Foamy urine, which can be a sign of too much protein
- Swelling in the hands, feet, or face due to fluid buildup
- High blood pressure
- Feeling very tired or exhausted
Doctors diagnose IgAN through:
- Urine tests: Checking for blood and protein in the urine.
- Blood tests: Seeing how well the kidneys are working.
- Kidney biopsy: Taking a small piece of kidney tissue to look at under a microscope.
Current Treatment Options for IgAN
There is no cure for IgAN, but treatments can help protect the kidneys and slow down the disease. Doctors may recommend:
- Blood pressure medicines to lower strain on the kidneys.
- Diet changes, like eating less salt and protein, to reduce stress on the kidneys.
- Immune system medicines to control inflammation and slow damage.
- Dialysis or a kidney transplant for severe cases when the kidneys stop working properly.
Living with IgAN
People with IgAN may face daily challenges, including:
- Feeling very tired or exhausted (fatigue)
- Brain fog, which makes it hard to focus
- Anxiety or depression due to dealing with a long-term illness
- High blood pressure that needs to be managed
- Gastrointestinal issues, like stomach pain or discomfort
- Swelling in the body, especially in the ankles, hands, or face
Since IgAN gets worse over time, regular doctor visits and lifestyle changes are important to keep the kidneys as healthy as possible.
IgAN Research and Progress
Scientists are working hard to find new treatments that could help people with IgAN. Clinical research is exploring new medicines that might protect the kidneys better and improve health outcomes.
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